The Subject

Let’s systematically explain all common structures that can be used in the subject position in English.

FormExample
NounEce is a student at university.
PronounShe studies management
Determiner + Noun + Preposition PhraseThe management courses at university are highly demanding.
Gerund PhraseSwimming in cold water improves circulation.
Infinitive PhraseTo learn a new language requires patience.
Noun ClauseWhat she said surprised everyone.
Determiner + Noun + Relative ClauseThe student who studies hard will succeed.
Determiner + Noun + Reduced Relative ClauseThe students studying for the exam look very tired.
(The students who are studying for the exam)
Noun + Reduced Relative ClauseStudents studying for the exam are under pressure.
(= Students who are studying for the exam)
There (Existential Structure)There are many students in the class.
Ever ClauseWhatever George says seems to please Mary.